lower energetic reserves, less gonadal investment) are likely to accept more risky behaviour (Silver-phase eels migrated farther in the acoustic array than yellow-phase eels, which aligns with predictions based on previous literature differentiating between life stages.
removal because the fate beyond this time was unknown) was taken into account by the model given that Gates 4 and 5 had incomplete coverage of area in the fjord.Kaplan-Meier survival curves comparing the marine migration of European eel from River Opo (yellow-phase eel) and from River Imsa (silver-phase eel).
removal because the fate beyond this time was unknown) was taken into account by the model given that Gates 4 and 5 had incomplete coverage of area in the fjord.In total, 17 yellow-phase eels (62.2- ± 7.5-cm TL) were captured from the River Opo and 56 (64.7- ± 7.1-cm TL) silver-phase eels were imported from the River Imsa; both groups were released between 14 and 15 September 2006.
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Corresponding author: tel: +1 613 408 3474; e-mail: Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Sluppen, Trondheim, Norway
The larvae are transported back to European waters by the Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Drift. Other research has identified risk averse behaviours by eels that have been interpreted as adaptations to mitigate predation.
Eels of length 6--50 cm, trapped in the course of up-stream migration in the River Shannon, were sampled during 10 seasons from 1973 to 1983. Downstream migrating silver-phase eels exit rivers on longer, dimmer nights when their visibility to predators would be lower; eels also tend to move preferentially with conspecifics as a strategy for predator saturation (The prevailing hypothesis is now that eels exit rivers predominantly before September–December and most spawning is completed in the early winter and springtime, with half the spawning complete by February (Individual variation in these data shows that some European eels may have a plastic migration, with some migrating more quickly than counterparts or migrating more than others during the day.